Indulgence in Excess

zǐ mò zǐ yuē : ɡǔ zhī mín , wèi zhī wéi ɡōnɡ
子 墨 子 曰  : 古 之  民  , 未  知  为  宫   
shì 1 shí , jiù línɡ fù ér jū , xué ér chù , xià rùn shī shānɡ mín , ɡù shènɡ wánɡ zuò wéi ɡōnɡ shì 。 wéi ɡōnɡ shì zhī fǎ , yuē :
室  1 时  , 就  陵   阜 而 居 , 穴  而 处  , 下  润  湿  伤    民  , 故 圣    王   作  为  宫   室  。 为  宫   室  之  法 , 曰  :
shì 2 ɡāo zú yǐ pì rùn shī , biān zú yǐ yǔ fēnɡ hán , shànɡ zú yǐ dài xuě shuānɡ yǔ lù , ɡōnɡ qiánɡ zhī ɡāo , zú yǐ bié nán nǚ zhī lǐ , jǐn cǐ zé zhǐ 。 fèi
室  2 高  足 以 辟 润  湿  , 边   足 以 圉 风   寒  , 上    足 以 待  雪  霜     雨 露 , 宫   墙    之  高  , 足 以 别  男  女 之  礼 , 谨  此 则 止  。 费  
fán 3 cái láo lì , bù jiā lì zhě , bù wéi yě 。
凡  3 财  劳  力 , 不 加  利 者  , 不 为  也 。
yì , xiū qí chénɡ ɡuō , zé mín láo ér bù shānɡ ; yǐ qí chánɡ zhènɡ , shōu qí zū shuì , zé mín fèi ér bú bìnɡ 。 mín suǒ kǔ zhě fēi cǐ yě , kǔ yú hòu zuò liǎn yú bǎi xìnɡ 。 4 shì ɡù shènɡ wánɡ zuò wéi ɡōnɡ shì , biàn yú shēnɡ , bù yǐ wéi ɡuān lè yě 。 zuò wéi yī fu dài lǚ , biàn yú shēn , bù yǐ wéi pì ɡuài yě , ɡù jié yú shēn , huì yú mín , shì yǐ tiān xià zhī mín kě dé ér zhì , cái yònɡ kě dé ér zú 。
役 , 修  其 城    郭  , 则 民  劳  而 不 伤    ; 以 其 常    正    , 收   其 租 税   , 则 民  费  而 不 病   。 民  所  苦 者  非  此 也 , 苦 于 厚  作  敛   于 百  姓   。 4 是  故 圣    王   作  为  宫   室  , 便   于 生    , 不 以 为  观   乐 也 。 作  为  衣 服 带  履 , 便   于 身   , 不 以 为  辟 怪   也 , 故 节  于 身   , 诲  于 民  , 是  以 天   下  之  民  可 得 而 治  , 财  用   可 得 而 足 。

Mozi said: Before the art of building houses and palaces was known primitive people lingered by the mounds and lived in caves. It was damp and injurious to health. Thereupon the sage-kings built houses and palaces. The guiding principles for these buildings were these: The house shall be built high enough to avoid the damp and moisture; the walls thick enough to keep out the wind and cold; the roof strong enough to stand snow, frost, rain, and dew; and the walls in the palace high enough to observe the propriety of the sexes. These are sufficient, and any expenditure of money and energy that does not bring additional utility shall not be permitted. When the city walls are repaired with regular labour, the people may feel tired but there is no exhaustion. When taxes are collected according to custom, the people may be deprived of some money but there is no bitterness. The real woe of the people does not lie here, it lies in heavy taxes. The sage-kings built houses and palaces in order to better the living conditions and not for pleasures of sight. They made clothes and hats, belts and shoes in order to protect the body and not for novelty. They were thrifty themselves and taught the people to be the same. And so, the people in the whole world became orderly and wealth was sufficient for use.

dānɡ jīn zhī zhǔ , qí wéi ɡōnɡ shì zé yǔ cǐ yì yǐ 。 bì hòu zuò liǎn yú bǎi xìnɡ , bào duó mín yī shí zhī cái , yǐ wéi ɡōnɡ shì , tái xiè qū zhí zhī wànɡ , qīnɡ huánɡ kè lòu zhī shì 。 wéi ɡōnɡ shì ruò cǐ , ɡù zuǒ yòu jiē fǎ xiànɡ zhī , shì yǐ qí cái bù zú yǐ dài xiōnɡ jī 、 zhèn 1 ɡū ɡuǎ , ɡù ɡuó pín ér mín nán zhì yě 。 jūn shí yù tiān xià zhī zhì , ér è  qí luàn yě , dānɡ wéi ɡōnɡ shì bù kě bù jié 。
当   今  之  主  , 其 为  宫   室  则 与 此 异 矣 。 必 厚  作  敛   于 百  姓   , 暴  夺  民  衣 食  之  财  , 以 为  宫   室  , 台  榭  曲 直  之  望   , 青   黄    刻 镂  之  饰  。 为  宫   室  若  此 , 故 左  右  皆  法 象    之  , 是  以 其 财  不 足 以 待  凶    饥 、 振   1 孤 寡  , 故 国  贫  而 民  难  治  也 。 君  实  欲 天   下  之  治  , 而 恶 其 乱   也 , 当   为  宫   室  不 可 不 节  。

When the presents rulers build their residences, they are quite different from this. They would tax the people, robbing them of their means of livelihood, in order to have their palaces covered with porches and pavilions in various designs and adorned with paintings and sculpture. When the ruler builds his palaces in this fashion, his assistants naturally imitate him. And, so, there is not sufficient wealth to prepare against famine and dearth or to relieve the orphans and widows. And the people become more unruly as the state becomes poorer. If the rulers sincerely desire to have the empire orderly and hate to see it in disorder, they must not indulge in building houses and palaces.

ɡǔ zhī mín , wèi zhī wéi yī fu shí , yī pí dài jiāo , dōnɡ zé bù qīnɡ ér wēn , xià zé bù qīnɡ ér qìnɡ 。 shènɡ wánɡ yǐ wéi bù zhōnɡ rén zhī qínɡ , ɡù zuò huì fù rén zhì
古 之  民  , 未  知  为  衣 服 时  , 衣 皮 带  茭   , 冬   则 不 轻   而 温  , 夏  则 不 轻   而 凊   。 圣    王   以 为  不 中    人  之  情   , 故 作  诲  妇 人  治  
1 sī má , kǔn bù juàn , yǐ wéi mín yī 。 wéi yī fu zhī fǎ : dōnɡ zé liàn bó zhī zhōnɡ , zú yǐ wéi qīnɡ qiě qìnɡ , jǐn cǐ zé zhǐ 。 ɡù shènɡ rén
1 丝 麻 , 捆  布 绢   , 以 为  民  衣 。 为  衣 服 之  法 : 冬   则 练   帛 之  中    , 足 以 为  轻   且  凊   , 谨  此 则 止  。 故 圣    人  
zhī 2 wéi yī fu , shì shēn tǐ hé jī fū ér zú yǐ 。 fēi rónɡ ěr mù ér ɡuān yú mín yě 。 dānɡ shì zhī shí , jiān chē liánɡ mǎ bù zhī ɡuì yě , kè lòu wén cǎi , bù zhī xǐ yě 。 hé zé ? qí suǒ dào zhī rán 。 ɡù mín yī shí zhī cái , jiā zú yǐ dài hàn shuǐ xiōnɡ jī zhě , hé yě ? dé qí suó yǐ zì yǎnɡ zhī qínɡ , ér bù ɡǎn yú wài yě 。 shì yǐ qí mín jiǎn ér yì zhì , qí jūn yònɡ cái jié ér yì shàn yě 。 fǔ kù shí mǎn , zú yǐ dài bù rán 。 bīnɡ ɡé bú dùn , shì mín bù láo , zú yǐ zhēnɡ bù fú 。 ɡù bà wánɡ zhī yè , kě xínɡ yú tiān xià yǐ 。
之  2 为  衣 服 , 适  身   体 和 肌 肤 而 足 矣 。 非  荣   耳 目 而 观   愚 民  也 。 当   是  之  时  , 坚   车  良    马 不 知  贵  也 , 刻 镂  文  采  , 不 知  喜 也 。 何 则 ? 其 所  道  之  然  。 故 民  衣 食  之  财  , 家  足 以 待  旱  水   凶    饥 者  , 何 也 ? 得 其 所  以 自 养   之  情   , 而 不 感  于 外  也 。 是  以 其 民  俭   而 易 治  , 其 君  用   财  节  而 易 赡   也 。 府 库 实  满  , 足 以 待  不 然  。 兵   革 不 顿  , 士  民  不 劳  , 足 以 征    不 服 。 故 霸 王   之  业 , 可 行   于 天   下  矣 。

Before clothing was known the primitive people wore coats of furs and belts of straw. They were neither light and warm in winter nor light and cool in summer. The sage-king thought this did not satisfy the needs of man. So, he taught the women to produce silk and flax and to weave cloth and linen, therewith to make clothing for the people. The guiding principles for clothing were these: In winter the underwear shall be made of spun-silk so as to be light and warm. In summer it shall be made of coarse flax so as to be light and cool. And this is sufficient. Therefore the sages made their clothes just to fit their stature and size, and not for the purpose of pleasing the senses or to dazzle the common people. In that age, durable carts and gentle horses were not valued, neither were sculpture and adornments prized. What is the reason for this? The reason lies in the kind of leadership. The people had sufficient means of livelihood in their home to meet either drought or flood, dearth or famine. Why? Because they understood the needs of self-support and paid little attention to external appearance. So, the people were frugal and orderly and the ruler was thrifty and easily supported. The store house and treasury were full, prepared against misfortunes. Armour and weapons were not left in disuse and the soldiers and the people were not tired, ready to punish the unsubmissive. Thus the ruler could become a tyrant over the empire.

dānɡ jīn zhī zhǔ , qí wéi yī fu zé yǔ cǐ yì yǐ , dōnɡ zé qīnɡ huàn , xià zé qīnɡ qìnɡ , jiē yǐ jù yǐ 。 bì hòu zuò liǎn yú bǎi xìnɡ , bào duó mín yī shí zhī cái , yǐ wéi jǐn xiù wén cǎi mí màn zhī yī , zhù jīn yǐ wéi ɡōu , zhū yù yǐ wéi pèi , nǚ ɡōnɡ zuò wén cǎi , nán ɡōnɡ zuò kè lòu , yǐ
当   今  之  主  , 其 为  衣 服 则 与 此 异 矣 , 冬   则 轻   焕   , 夏  则 轻   凊   , 皆  已 具 矣 。 必 厚  作  敛   于 百  姓   , 暴  夺  民  衣 食  之  财  , 以 为  锦  绣  文  采  靡 曼  之  衣 , 铸  金  以 为  钩  , 珠  玉 以 为  佩  , 女 工   作  文  采  , 男  工   作  刻 镂  , 以
wéi 1 shēn fú , cǐ fēi yún yì huàn zhī qínɡ yě 。 dān cái láo lì , bì ɡuī zhī yú wú yònɡ
为  1 身   服 , 此 非  云  益 焕   之  情   也 。 单  财  劳  力 , 毕 归  之  于 无 用   
yě 2 , yǐ cǐ ɡuān zhī , qí wéi yī fu fēi wéi shēn tǐ , jiē wéi ɡuān hǎo , shì yǐ qí mín yín pì ér nán zhì , qí jūn shē chǐ ér nán jiàn yě 。 fū yǐ shē chǐ zhī jūn , yù yú yín pì zhī mín , yù ɡuó wú luàn , bù kě dé yě 。 jūn shí yù tiān xià zhī zhì ér è  qí luàn , dānɡ wéi yī fu bù kě bù jié 。
也 2 , 以 此 观   之  , 其 为  衣 服 非  为  身   体 , 皆  为  观   好  , 是  以 其 民  淫  僻 而 难  治  , 其 君  奢  侈  而 难  谏   也 。 夫 以 奢  侈  之  君  , 御 妤 淫  僻 之  民  , 欲 国  无 乱   , 不 可 得 也 。 君  实  欲 天   下  之  治  而 恶 其 乱   , 当   为  衣 服 不 可 不 节  。

The present rulers are quite different from this when they make their clothes. Having what is warm and light in winter and what is light and cool in summer, they would yet heavily tax the people, robbing them of their means of livelihood, in order to have elaborately embroidered and gorgeous garments. Hooks are made of gold and ornaments on the girdle consist of pearls and jades. Women are employed to make the embroidery and men to do the carving. All these are for the adornment of the body. They really add little to its warmth. Wealth is squandered and energy wasted all for naught. So, then, when clothing is made not for the body but for brilliant appearance, the people will be wicked and unruly and the ruler extravagant and deaf to good counsel. It will be impossible to keep the country out of disorder. If the rulers sincerely desire the empire to have order and hate to see it in disorder, they must not indulge in making clothing excessively.

ɡǔ zhī mín wèi zhī wéi yǐn shí shí , sù shí ér fēn chù , ɡù shènɡ rén zuò huì nán ɡēnɡ jià shù yì , yǐ wéi mín shí 。 qí wéi shí yě , zú yǐ zēnɡ qì chōnɡ xū , qiánɡ tǐ shì fù ér sì yǐ 。 ɡù qí yònɡ cái jié , qí zì yǎnɡ jiǎn , mín fù ɡuó zhì 。 jīn zé bù rán , hòu zuò liǎn yú bǎi xìnɡ , yǐ wéi měi shí chú huàn , zhēnɡ zhì yú biē , dà ɡuó lèi bǎi qì , xiǎo ɡuó lèi shí qì , qián fānɡ zhànɡ , mù bù nénɡ biàn shì , shǒu bù nénɡ biàn cāo , kǒu bù nénɡ biàn wèi , dōnɡ zé dònɡ bīnɡ , xià zé hé 1 yì , rén jūn wéi yǐn shí rú cǐ , ɡù zuǒ yòu xiànɡ zhī 。 shì yǐ fù ɡuì zhě shē chǐ , ɡū ɡuǎ zhě dònɡ něi ,
古 之  民  未  知  为  饮  食  时  , 素 食  而 分  处  , 故 圣    人  作  诲  男  耕   稼  树  艺 , 以 为  民  食  。 其 为  食  也 , 足 以 增   气 充    虚 , 强    体 适  腹 而 巳 矣 。 故 其 用   财  节  , 其 自 养   俭   , 民  富 国  治  。 今  则 不 然  , 厚  作  敛   于 百  姓   , 以 为  美  食  刍  豢   , 蒸    炙  鱼 鳖  , 大 国  累  百  器 , 小   国  累  十  器 , 前   方   丈    , 目 不 能   遍   视  , 手   不 能   遍   操  , 口  不 能   遍   味  , 冬   则 冻   冰   , 夏  则 餲 1 饐 , 人  君  为  饮  食  如 此 , 故 左  右  象    之  。 是  以 富 贵  者  奢  侈  , 孤 寡  者  冻   馁  ,
suī 2 yù wú luàn , bù kě dé yě 。 jūn shí yù tiān xià zhì ér è  qí luàn , dānɡ wéi shí yǐn , bù kě bù jié 。
虽  2 欲 无 乱   , 不 可 得 也 。 君  实  欲 天   下  治  而 恶 其 乱   , 当   为  食  饮  , 不 可 不 节  。
 
Before the art of cooking was known, primitive people ate only vegetables and lived in separation. Thereupon the sage taught the men to attend to farming and to plant trees to supply the people with food. And the sole purpose of securing food is to increase energy, satisfy hunger, strengthen the body and appease the stomach. He was frugal in spending wealth and simple in habits of living, and so the people became rich and the country orderly. With the present rulers all is different. They would heavily tax the people in order to enjoy elaborately the different meats and fish and turtle cooked in various wavs. (The lord of) a large state is served with a hundred courses and (that of) a small state, with tens of courses, which will cover a table space of ten square feet. The eyes cannot see all the dishes, the hands cannot handle them all, and the mouth cannot taste them all. In winter they will freeze, and in summer they sour. As the ruler serves himself thus, naturally his assistants imitate him. And so the rich and high in rank are wasteful and extravagant, while the solitary and miserable are hungry and cold. It is impossible to keep such a state out of disorder. If the rulers sincerely desire the empire to have order and hate to see it in disorder, they must not indulge in excessive eating and drinking.

ɡǔ zhī mín wèi zhī wéi zhōu chē shí , zhònɡ rèn bù yí , yuǎn dào bú zhì , ɡù shènɡ wánɡ zuò wéi zhōu chē , yǐ biàn mín zhī shì 。 qí wéi zhōu chē yě , wán 1 ɡù qīnɡ lì , ké yǐ rèn zhònɡ zhì yuǎn , qí wéi yònɡ cái shǎo , ér wéi lì duō , shì yǐ mín yuè ér lì zhī 。 ɡù fǎ lìnɡ bù jí ér xínɡ , mín bù láo ér shànɡ 2 zú yònɡ , ɡù mín ɡuī zhī 。
古 之  民  未  知  为  舟   车  时  , 重    任  不 移 , 远   道  不 至  , 故 圣    王   作  为  舟   车  , 以 便   民  之  事  。 其 为  舟   车  也 , 完  1 固 轻   利 , 可 以 任  重    致  远   , 其 为  用   财  少   , 而 为  利 多  , 是  以 民  乐  而 利 之  。 故 法 令   不 急 而 行   , 民  不 劳  而 上    2 足 用   , 故 民  归  之  。

Before the primitive people know how to make boats and carts they could neither carry a heavy load nor travel a great distance. Thereupon the sage-king made boats and carts to facilitate the people. The boats and carts were made durable and convenient so that they would carry much and travel far. Such an undertaking takes little wealth but produces many benefits. Naturally the people found it agreeable and convenient. The people were not tired out and yet the ruler's needs were all supplied. So, people were attracted to him.

dānɡ jīn zhī zhǔ , qí wéi zhōu chē yǔ cǐ yì yǐ 。 wán 1 ɡù qīnɡ lì jiē yǐ jù , bì hòu zuò liǎn yú bǎi xìnɡ , yǐ shì zhōu chē 。 shì chē yǐ wén cǎi , shì zhōu yǐ kè lòu , nǘ zǐ fèi qí fǎnɡ zhī ér xiū wén cǎi , ɡù mín hán 。 nán zǐ lí qí ɡēnɡ jià ér xiū kè lòu , ɡù mín jī 。 rén jūn wéi zhōu chē ruò cǐ , ɡù zuǒ yòu xiànɡ zhī , shì yǐ qí mín jī hán bìnɡ zhì , ɡù wéi jiān mào 。
当   今  之  主  , 其 为  舟   车  与 此 异 矣 。 完  1 固 轻   利 皆  已 具 , 必 厚  作  敛   于 百  姓   , 以 饰  舟   车  。 饰  车  以 文  采  , 饰  舟   以 刻 镂  , 女 子 废  其 纺   织  而 修  文  采  , 故 民  寒  。 男  子 离 其 耕   稼  而 修  刻 镂  , 故 民  饥 。 人  君  为  舟   车  若  此 , 故 左  右  象    之  , 是  以 其 民  饥 寒  并   至  , 故 为  奸   袤  。
jiān xié 2 duō zé xínɡ fá shēn , xínɡ fá shēn zé ɡuó luàn 。 jūn shí yù tiān xià zhī zhì ér è  qí luàn , dānɡ wéi zhōu chē , bù kě bù jié 。
奸   邪  2 多  则 刑   罚 深   , 刑   罚 深   则 国  乱   。 君  实  欲 天   下  之  治  而 恶 其 乱   , 当   为  舟   车  , 不 可 不 节  。

When the present rulers make boats and carts, it is quite different. Having made them durable and convenient, they would yet heavily tax the people to decorate them. The carts are decorated with embroidery and boats with carving. Women have to stop weaving to do the enibroidery so the people are left cold. While men have to abandon agriculture to do the carving and so the people become hungry. When the ruler builds such boats and carts for himself, naturally his assistants imitate him. Therefore the people become victims of both hunger and cold, and they commit wickedness. Much wickedness is followed by heavy punishment, and heavy punishment places the country in disorder. If the rulers sincerely desire the empire to have order and hate to see it in disorder, they must not indulge themselves in constructing boats and carts excessively.

fán huí yú tiān dì zhī jiān , bāo yú sì hǎi zhī nèi , tiān rǎnɡ zhī qínɡ , yīn yánɡ zhī hé , mò bù yǒu yě , suī zhì shènɡ bù nénɡ ɡènɡ yě 。 hé yǐ zhī qí rán ? shènɡ rén yǒu chuán : tiān dì yě , zé yuē shànɡ xià ; sì shí yě , zé yuē yīn yánɡ ; rén qínɡ yě , zé yuē nán nǚ ; qín shòu yě , zé yuē mǔ pìn xiónɡ cí yě 。 zhēn tiān rǎnɡ zhī qínɡ , suī yǒu xiān wánɡ bù nénɡ ɡènɡ yě 。 suī shànɡ shì zhì shènɡ , bì xù sī , bù yǐ shānɡ xínɡ , ɡù mín wú yuàn 。 ɡōnɡ wú jū nǚ , ɡù tiān xià wú ɡuǎ fū 。 nèi wú jū nǚ , wài wú ɡuǎ fū , ɡù tiān xià zhī mín zhònɡ 。 dānɡ jīn zhī jūn , qí xù sī yě , dà ɡuó jū nǚ lèi qiān , xiǎo ɡuó lèi bǎi , shì yǐ tiān xià zhī nán duō ɡuǎ wú qī , nǚ duō jū wú fū , nán nǚ 1 shī shí , ɡù mín shǎo 。 jūn shí yù mín zhī zhònɡ ér è  qí ɡuǎ , dānɡ xù sī bù kě bù jié 。
凡  回  于 天   地 之  间   , 包  于 四 海  之  内  , 天   壤   之  情   , 阴  阳   之  和 , 莫 不 有  也 , 虽  至  圣    不 能   更   也 。 何 以 知  其 然  ? 圣    人  有  传    : 天   地 也 , 则 曰  上    下  ; 四 时  也 , 则 曰  阴  阳   ; 人  情   也 , 则 曰  男  女 ; 禽  兽   也 , 则 曰  牡 牝  雄    雌 也 。 真   天   壤   之  情   , 虽  有  先   王   不 能   更   也 。 虽  上    世  至  圣    , 必 蓄 私 , 不 以 伤    行   , 故 民  无 怨   。 宫   无 拘 女 , 故 天   下  无 寡  夫 。 内  无 拘 女 , 外  无 寡  夫 , 故 天   下  之  民  众    。 当   今  之  君  , 其 蓄 私 也 , 大 国  拘 女 累  千   , 小   国  累  百  , 是  以 天   下  之  男  多  寡  无 妻 , 女 多  拘 无 夫 , 男  女 1 失  时  , 故 民  少   。 君  实  欲 民  之  众    而 恶 其 寡  , 当   蓄 私 不 可 不 节  。
 
Every creature living between Heaven and earth and within the four seas partakes of the nature of Heaven and earth and the harmony of the Yin and the Yang. Even the greatest sages cannot alter this. How do we know? When they taught about Heaven and earth, they dwelt on the upper and the lower spheres and the four seasons, the principles of Yin and Yang and human nature, the phenomena of men and women, birds and animals, and that of the sexes. Even the early kings could not escape from the fundamentals of nature. Even the great sages of ancient times must keep a household. Only, as their conduct was not unfavorably affected, there was no dissatisfaction among the people, and as women were not kept within the palace (to be spinsters) there were few bachelors in the empire. As women were not kept within the palace and as there were few bachelors abroad, the population in the empire was large. The present rulers of large states retain as many women as a thousand in their household and those of small states as many as a hundred. Therefore men in the empire are mostly without wife and women without husband. The functions of men and women are prevented and the population becomes small. If the rulers sincerely desire the population to be large and hate to see it small, they must not indulge in retaining too many women.

fán cǐ wǔ zhě , shènɡ rén zhī suǒ jiǎn jié yě , xiǎo rén zhī suǒ yín yì yě 。 jiǎn jié zé chānɡ , yín yì zé wánɡ , cǐ wǔ zhě bù kě bù jié 。 fū fù jié ér tiān dì hé , fēnɡ yǔ jié ér wú ɡǔ shú 1 , yī fu jié ér jī fū hé 。
凡  此 五 者  , 圣    人  之  所  俭   节  也 , 小   人  之  所  淫  佚 也 。 俭   节  则 昌    , 淫  佚 则 亡   , 此 五 者  不 可 不 节  。 夫 妇 节  而 天   地 和 , 风   雨 节  而 五 谷 孰  1 , 衣 服 节  而 肌 肤 和 。

Now, in these five things the sages are temperate and economical while the wicked men are indulgent and excessive. Temperance and economy bring prosperity while indulgence and excess lead to destruction. One must not indulge in excess in these five things. When husband and wife do not indulge in excess, Heaven and earth will be harmonious; when wind and rain are not in excess, the five grains will ripen; and when excessive clothing is not indulged in, the body will be comfortable.

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